Louisiana State Board of Home Inspectors Standards of Practice

• Alarm System – Warning devices, whether installed or free standing, including but not limited to, carbon monoxide detectors, flue gas and other spillage detectors, security equipment, ejector pumps and smoke alarms.
• Automatic Safety Control - devices designed and installed to protect systems and components from unsafe conditions.
• Central Air Conditioning - a system that uses ducts to distribute cooled or heated air to more than one room or uses pipes to distribute chilled water to heat exchangers in more than one room, and that is not plugged into an electrical convenience outlet.
• Cross Connection - any physical connection or arrangement between potable water and any source of contamination.
• Dangerous or Adverse Situations - situations that pose a threat of injury to the inspector, or those situations that require the use of special protective clothing or safety equipment.
• Describe - to report, in writing, a system or component by its type, or other observed characteristics, to distinguish it from other systems or components.
• Dismantle - to take apart or remove any component, device or piece of equipment that is bolted, screwed, or fastened by other means, that would not be taken apart by a homeowner in the course of normal household maintenance.
• Enter - to go into an area to observe all visible components.
• Functional Drainage - a drain is functional when it empties in a reasonable amount of time and does not overflow when another fixture is drained simultaneously.
• Functional Flow - a reasonable flow at the highest fixture in a dwelling when another fixture is operated simultaneously.
• Further Evaluation – examination and analysis by a qualified professional or service technician whose services and qualifications exceed those provided by a home inspector.
• Inspect - to examine readily accessible systems and components of a building in accordance with the Standards of Practice, using normal operating controls and opening readily openable access panels.
• Installed - attached such that removal requires tools.
• Normal Operating Controls - devices such as thermostats, switches, or valves intended to be operated by the homeowner.
• Observe - the act of making a visual examination.
• On-Site Water Supply Quality - water quality based on the bacterial, chemical, mineral and solids contents of the water.
• On-Site Water Supply Quantity - water quantity based on the rate of flow of water.
• Operate - to cause systems or equipment to function.
• Recreational Facilities – Spas, saunas steam baths, swimming pools, tennis courts, and exercise, entertainment, athletic, playground or other equipment and associated accessories.
• Readily Accessible – available for visual inspection without requiring the moving of personal property, the dismantling, disconnecting, unplugging or destroying of equipment, or any action which may involve a risk to persons or property.
• Readily Openable Access Panel - a panel provided for homeowner inspection and maintenance that is within normal reach, can be removed by one person, is not sealed in place and is not blocked by stored items, furniture, or building components.
• Representative Number - for multiple identical interior components such as windows and electrical outlets - one such component per room. For multiple identical exterior components, one such component on each side of the building.
• Roof Drainage Components - gutters, downspouts, leaders, splash blocks, scuppers, and similar components used to carry water off a roof and away from a building.
• Shut Down – a state in which a system or component cannot be operated by normal user controls.
• Significantly Deficient – unsafe or not functioning.
• Solid Fuel Heating Device - any wood, coal, or other similar organic fuel burning device, including but not limited to fireplaces whether masonry or factory built, fireplace inserts and stoves, wood stoves (room heaters), central furnaces, and combinations of these devices.
• Structural Component - a component that supports non-variable forces or weights (dead loads) and variable forces or weights (live loads).
• Technically Exhaustive - an inspection involving the extensive use of measurements, instruments, testing, calculations, or other means used to develop scientific or engineering findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
• Under Floor Crawl Space - the area within the confines of the foundation between the ground and the underside of the lowest floor structural component.
• Unsafe – a condition of a readily accessible, installed system or component which, in the opinion of the inspector, is judged to be a significant risk of personal injury or property damage during normal use or under the circumstances.
• Wiring Methods – manner or general type of electrical conductors or wires installed in the structure such as non metallic sheath cable, armored cable, knob and tube, etc.
   

§ 305. Purpose and Scope
A. The purpose of these Standards of Practice is to establish a minimum and uniform standard for Louisiana State Licensed home Inspectors. Home inspections performed pursuant to these Standards of Practice are intended to provide the client with information regarding the condition of the systems and components of the home as observed at the time of inspection.
B. Home inspectors shall:
 -1. Provide the client with a written pre-inspection contract, whenever possible, which shall:
    a. state that the home inspection is to be done in accordance with the Standards of Practice of the Louisiana State Board of Home Inspectors;
    b. describe what inspection services will be provided and their cost;
    c. state that the inspection is limited to only those systems or components agreed upon by the client and the inspector; and
    d. contain copies of the Standards of Practice and Code of Ethics; 
 -2. Inspect readily accessible installed systems and components listed in this Chapter, and/or as contractually agreed upon;
 -3. Submit a written report to the client within five (5) days of the inspection which shall:
    a. describe those systems specified to be described in § § 311 through 329, and/or as contractually agreed upon;
    b. state which systems designated for inspection in this Section have been inspected, and state any systems or components designated for inspection that were not inspected, and the reason for not inspecting;
    c. state any systems or components so inspected that, in the professional opinion of the inspector, are significantly deficient.
    d. state the name, license number, and contain the signature of the person conducting the inspection.
C. This Chapter does not limit home inspectors from:
 -1. Reporting observations and conditions or rendering opinions of items in addition to those required in Subsection B of this Rule;
 -2. Excluding systems and components from the inspection, if requested by the client and so stated in the written contract;
 -3. Inspecting systems and components in addition to those required by these Standards of Practice; or
 -4. Specifying needed repairs, provided that the inspector is appropriately qualified to make such recommendation.

§ 307. General Limitations
A. Home inspections done in accordance with this Chapter are not technically exhaustive.
B. This Chapter applies to residential resale structures.

§ 309. General Exclusions
A. Home inspectors are not required to inspect or report on:
 -1. Life expectancy of any component or system;
 -2. The causes of any condition or deficiency;
 -3. The methods, materials, and costs of corrections;
 -4. The suitability of the property for any specialized use;
 -5. Compliance or non-compliance with codes, ordinances, statutes, regulatory requirements, special utility, insurance or restrictions;
 -6. Any component or system that was not inspected and so stated in the home inspection report or Pre-inspection Agreement;
 -7. the presence or absence of any suspected or actual adverse environmental condition or hazardous substance, including but not limited to toxins such as asbestos, radon and lead, carcinogens, noise, contaminants in the building or in soil, water, and air;
 -8. Decorative or cosmetic items, underground items, or items not permanently installed;
 -9. Hidden, concealed or latent defects;
 -10. Items not visible for inspection including the condition of systems or components which are not readily accessible; or
 -11. Future conditions, including but not limited to, the likelihood of failure or the expected life of systems and components
B. Home inspectors are not required to:
 -1. Offer warranties or guarantees of any kind;
 -2. Calculate or determine the strength, adequacy, or efficiency of any system or component;
 -3. Enter the under-floor crawl spaces, attics, or any area which, in the opinion of the home inspector, is not readily accessible.
 -4. Operate any system or component that is shut down or otherwise inoperable;
 -5. Operate any system or component that does not respond to normal operating controls;
 -6. disturb insulation, move personal items, panels, furniture, equipment, plant life, soil, snow, ice, or debris that obstructs access or visibility;
 -7. Determine the effectiveness of any system installed to control or remove suspected hazardous substances;
 -8. Project operating costs of components;
 -9. Evaluate acoustical characteristics of any system or component;
 -10. Inspect special equipment or accessories that are not listed as components to be inspected in this Chapter;
 -11. Operate shut-off valves;
 -12. Inspect detached structures, other than garages and carports;
 -13. Inspect common elements or areas in multi-unit housing, such as condominium properties or cooperative housing;
 -14. dismantle any system or component, except as specifically required by these Standards of Practice.
C. Home inspectors shall not:
 -1. Offer or perform any act or service contrary to law;
 -2. Report on the market value of the property or its marketability;
 -3. Report on the advisability or inadvisability of purchase of the property;
 -4. Report on any component or system that was not inspected;
 -5. Report on the presence or absence of pests such as wood damaging organisms, rodents or insects. However, the home inspector may advise the client of damages to the building and recommend further inspection by a licensed wood destroying insect inspector;
 -6. from the time of the inspection through the date of the closing, advertise or solicit to perform repair services or any other type of service on the home upon which he has performed a home inspection; or

§ 311. Structural Systems
A. The home inspector shall inspect structural components including:
 -1. Foundation;
 -2. Framing;
 -3. Columns; or
 -4. Piers;
B. The home inspector shall describe the type of:
 -1. Foundation;
 -2. Floor structure;
 -3. Wall structure;
 -4. Columns;
 -5. Piers;
 -6. Ceiling structure; and
 -7. Roof structure.
C. The home inspector shall:
 -1. Probe structural components only where deterioration is visible, except where probing would damage any surface;
 -2. enter readily accessible under floor crawl spaces, basements, and attic spaces and, if applicable, report the reason why an area was not readily accessible;
 -3. Report the methods used to inspect or access under floor crawl spaces and attics; and
 -4. Report signs of abnormal or harmful water penetration into the building or signs of abnormal or harmful condensation on building components.

§ 313. Exterior System
A. The home inspector shall inspect:
 -1. Wall cladding, flashings and trim;
 -2. All doors and windows;
 -3. Storm doors and windows;
 -4. Decks, balconies, stoops, steps, porches, and applicable railings;
- 5. Eaves, soffits, and fascias where visible from the ground level; and
- 6. Vegetation, grading, drainage, driveways, patios, walkways, and retaining walls with respect to their effect on the condition of the building.
B. The home inspector shall:
 -1. Describe wall cladding materials;
 -2. Operate all entryway doors;
 -3. Report whether or not any garage door operator will automatically reverse or stop and whether the operator is equipped with a pressure sensitive reverse feature.
C. The home inspector is not required to inspect:
 -1. shutters, awnings, and similar seasonal accessories;
 -2. Fences;
 -3. Presence of safety glazing in doors and windows;
 -4. Garage door operator remote control transmitters;
 -5. Geological conditions;
 -6. Soil conditions;
 -7. Recreational facilities;
 -8. Detached buildings or structures other than garages and carports;
 -9. Presence or condition of buried fuel storage tanks;
 -10. Sea walls, break walls or docks; or
 -11. Erosion control and earth stabilization measures.

§ 315. Roofing System
A. The home inspector shall inspect:
 -1. Roof coverings;
 -2. Roof drainage systems;
 -3. Flashings;
 -4. Skylights, chimneys, and roof penetrations; and
 -5. Signs of leaks or abnormal condensation on building components.
B. The home inspector shall:
 -1. Describe the type of roof covering materials; and
 -2. Report the methods used to inspect and access the roofing system and any limitations.
C. The home inspector is not required to:
 -1. Walk on the roofing;
 -2. Inspect interiors of flues or chimneys which are not readily accessible; or
 -3. Inspect attached accessories including but not limited to solar systems, antennae, and lightening arrestors.

§ 317. Plumbing System
A. The home inspector shall inspect:
 -1. water supply and distribution systems, including:
    a. piping materials, supports, insulation;
    b. fixtures and faucets;
    c. functional flow;
    d. visible leaks; and
    e. cross connections;
 -2. Interior drain, waste and vent system, including: traps, drain, waste, and vent piping; piping supports and pipe insulation; leaks, and functional drainage;
 -3. Hot water systems including: water heating equipment; normal operating controls; automatic safety controls; and chimneys, flues and vents;
 -4. Fuel storage and distribution systems including fuel storage equipment, supply piping, venting, and supports; leaks; and
 -5. Sump pumps, drainage sumps, and related piping.
B. The home inspector shall describe:
 -1. Water supply and distribution piping materials;
 -2. Drain, waste and vent piping materials;
 -3. Water heating equipment;
 -4. Location of main water supply shutoff device; and
 -5. Location of main gas supply shutoff device.
C. The home inspector shall operate all plumbing and plumbing fixtures, including their faucets and all exterior faucets attached to the house, except where the flow end of the faucet is connected to an appliance or winterized equipment.
D. The home inspector is not required to:
 -1. Determine the effectiveness of anti-siphon devices;
 -2. Determine whether water supply and waste disposal systems are public or private;
 -3. Operate automatic safety controls;
 -4. Operate any valve except water closet flush valves, fixture faucets, and hose faucets;
 -5. Determine whether the system is properly sized or utilizes proper materials;
 -6. Inspect:
    a. water conditioning systems;
    b. fire and lawn sprinkler systems;
    c. on-site water supply quantity and quality;
    d. on-site waste disposal systems;
    e. foundation irrigation systems;
    f. spas;
    g. swimming pools;
    h. solar water heating equipment; or
    i. wells, well pumps, or water storage related equipment.

§ 319. Electrical System
A. The home inspector shall inspect:
 -1. Service drop and entrance conductor’s cables and raceways;
 -2. Service equipment, main disconnect device, main and sub-panels, interior panel components, and service grounding;
 -3. Branch circuit conductors, their overcurrent devices, and their compatibility;
 -4. The operation of a representative number of installed ceiling fans, lighting fixtures, switches and receptacles;
 -5. The polarity and grounding of all receptacles; and
 -6. The operation of ground fault circuit interrupters.
B. The home inspector shall describe:
 -1. Service amperage and voltage;
 -2. Wiring methods employed; and
 -3. The location of main and distribution panels.
C. The home inspector shall report any observed solid conductor aluminum branch circuit wiring for 120 volt circuits.
D. The home inspector shall report on the presence or absence of smoke detectors..
E. The home inspector is not required to:
 -1. Insert any tool, probe, or testing device inside the panels;
 -2. Test or operate any overcurrent device except ground fault circuit interrupters;
 -3. Dismantle any electrical device or control other than to remove the dead front covers of the main and auxiliary distribution panels;
 -4. Inspect:
    a. low voltage systems;
    b. security system devices, heat detectors, carbon monoxide detectors or smoke detectors;
    c. telephone, security, cable TV, intercoms, or other ancillary wiring that is not part of the primary electrical distribution system; or
    d. remote controlled device unless the device is the only control device; or
 -5. Measure amperage, voltage or impedance

§ 321. Heating
A. The home inspector shall inspect permanently installed heating systems including:
 -1. Heating, cooling and air handling equipment installed through the wall;
 -2. Normal operating controls;
 -3. Chimneys, flues, and vents, where readily accessible;
 -4. Solid fuel heating devices, including fireplaces;
 -5. air distribution systems including fans, pumps, ducts and piping, with associated supports, insulation, air filters, registers, radiators, fan coil units, convectors; and
 -6. The presence of an installed heat and/or cooling source in each habitable room.
B. The home inspector shall describe:
 -1. Energy sources; and
 -2. The heating and cooling methods by their distinguishing characteristics.
C. The home inspector shall operate the systems using normal operating controls.
D. The home inspector shall open readily openable access panels provided by the manufacturer or installer for routine homeowner maintenance.
E. The home inspector is not required to:
 -1. Operate heating systems when weather conditions or other circumstances may cause equipment damage;
 -2. Operate automatic safety controls;
 -3. Inspect or operate air duct dampers; or
 -4. Inspect:
    a. heat exchangers;
    b. humidifiers;
    c. dehumidifiers;
    d. electronic air filters; or
    e. the uniformity, adequacy or balance of heat or cooling supply to habitable rooms.
    f. solar space heating systems;
    g. components of solid fuel heating devices, such as fire screens and doors, seals and gaskets, automatic fuel feed devices, mantles and fireplace surrounds, combustion make-up air devices, heat distribution assists, whether gravity controlled or fan assisted; or
    h. ignite or extinguish fires, determine draft characteristics, or move fireplace inserts, stoves or fireboxes.

§ 325. Interior System
A. The home inspector shall inspect:
 -1. Walls, ceiling, and floors;
 -2. Steps, stairways, balconies, and railings;
 -3. Countertops and a representative number of cabinets and drawers;
 -4. All doors and a representative number of windows; and
 -5. Garage doors and electronic beam safety reserve features.
B. The home inspector shall:
 -1. Operate a representative number of windows and interior doors; and
 -2. Report signs of abnormal or harmful water penetration into the building or signs of abnormal or harmful condensation on building components.
C. The home inspector is not required to inspect:
 -1. Paint, wallpaper, and other finish treatments on the interior walls, ceilings, and floors;
 -2. Carpeting; or
 -3. Draperies, blinds, or other window treatments;
 -4. Interior recreational facilities; or
 -5. Garage door operator pressure sensitive reverse failure devices.

§ 327. Insulation and Ventilation System
A. The home inspector shall inspect:
 -1. Insulation and vapor retarders in unfinished spaces;
 -2. Ventilation of attics and foundation areas;
 -3. Kitchen, bathroom, and laundry venting system; and
 -4. The operation of any readily accessible attic ventilation fan, and, when temperature permits, the operation of any readily accessible thermostatic control.
B. The home inspector shall describe:
 -1. Insulation and vapor retarders in unfinished spaces; and
 -2. Absence of insulation in unfinished space at conditioned surfaces.
C. The home inspector is not required to report on:
 -1. Concealed insulation and vapor retarders; or
 -2. Venting equipment that is integral with household appliances.
D. The home inspector is not required to:
 -1. Disturb insulation or vapor retarders; or
 -2. Determine indoor air quality.

§ 329. Built-in Kitchen Appliances
A. The home inspector shall inspect and operate the basic functions of the following appliances:
 -1. Dishwasher through its normal cycle;
 -2. Range, cook top, and oven;
 -3. Trash compactor;
 -4. Garbage disposal;
 -5. Ventilation equipment or range hood;
 -6. Microwave oven; and
 -7. Any other built in appliance.
B. The home inspector is not required to inspect:
 -1. Clocks, timers, self-cleaning oven function, or thermostats for calibration or automatic operation;
 -2. Non built-in appliances such as clothes washers and dryers;
 -3. Refrigeration units such as freezers, refrigerators and ice makers; or
 -4. Central vacuum system.
C. The home inspector is not required to operate:
 -1. Appliances in use; or
 -2. Any appliance that is shut down or otherwise inoperable.

Code of Ethics

§ 501. Code of Ethics
A. PURPOSE
Integrity, honesty, and objectivity are fundamental principles embraced by this Code of Ethics, which sets forth the obligations of ethical conduct for the Licensed Home inspector (LHI). The Louisiana State Board of Home Inspectors (LSBHI) has enacted this Code to provide high ethical standards to safeguard the public and the profession. LHIs in Louisiana shall comply with this Code, shall avoid association with any enterprise whose practices violate this Code, and shall strive to uphold, maintain, and improve the integrity, reputation, and practice of the home inspection profession.
B. ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS
- 1. The LHI shall avoid conflicts of interest or activities that compromise, or appear to compromise, professional independence, objectivity, or inspection integrity.
 -2. The LHI shall not inspect properties for compensation in which he has, or expects to have, a financial interest.
 -3. The LHI shall not inspect properties under contingent arrangements whereby any compensation or future referrals are dependent upon reported or non-reported findings or on the sale of a property.
 -4. The LHI shall not directly or indirectly compensate realty agents, brokers or realty companies or other parties having a financial interest in the closing/settlement of real estate transactions, for the referral of inspections or for inclusion on a list of recommended inspectors, preferred providers, or similar arrangements.
 -5. The LHI shall not receive compensation from more than one party per inspection unless agreed to by the client(s).
 -6. The LHI shall not accept compensation, directly or indirectly, for referring or recommending contractors, services, or products to inspection clients or other parties having an interest in inspected properties, unless disclosed and scheduled prior to the home inspection.
 -7. The LHI shall not repair, replace or upgrade for compensation, reported deficient systems or components covered by these Standards of Practice, until after closing/settlement of the real estate transaction.
 -8. The LHI shall act in good faith toward each client and other interested parties.
 -9. The LHI shall perform services and express opinions based upon genuine conviction and only within his areas of education, training or experience.
 -10. The LHI shall be objective in his reporting and shall not knowingly understate or overstate the significance of observed conditions.
 -11. The LHI shall not disclose inspection results or a client’s personal information without approval of the client or the client’s designated representative. At his discretion, the LHI may disclose immediate safety hazards observed to occupants, or interested parties, exposed to such hazards.
 -12. The LHI shall avoid activities that may harm the public, discredit himself or reduce public confidence in the profession.
 -13. The LHI shall not disseminate or distribute advertising, marketing, or promotion materials which are fraudulent, false, deceptive, or misleading with respect to the education, experience, or qualifications of the LHI or the company with which he is affiliated.
 -14. The LHI shall include his license number on all advertising, marketing and promotional material.
 -15. The LHI shall report substantial and willful violations of this Code to the LSBHI.